Conduit Hand Bending: Classic Methods (Applied Technical Practice) 4x6 Field Guide

Conduit Hand Bending: Classic Methods is a compact 4"x6" field guide—concentrated and efficient by design. It starts from the beginning—not just to accommodate beginners, but to establish a functional foundation for progression. Standard working angles are introduced through charts and right triangle models, offering a visual framework that supports layout, planning, and fabrication.

Hand benders are featured for their accessibility and engineered markings, which serve as useful references that support a broader understanding of bending equipment. Other fundamental concepts are exemplified, such as the deduct method for 90s and back-to-backs, and the promotion of consistent box offsets and kicks.

Offsets and kicked 90-degree bends form the core of this guide—applying standard working angles to reinforce conceptual understanding. Advanced elements—such as True Gain and Rim Notch Kicks, which enhance accuracy and consistency—serve as practical steps toward more refined racking and layout methods beyond the scope of this guide.
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Table of Contents:

• Introduction – p. 1

• Engineered Markings / Bend Measurement & Layout Styles – pp. 2–3

• Deduct Method & Back-to-Back Bends – pp. 4–5

• Typical Working Angles & Triangle Models – pp. 6–7

• Range of Working Angles – pp. 8–9

• Multiplier Method for Offsets – pp. 10–11

• Box Offsets – pp. 12–13

• Offsets with Shrink – pp. 14–15

• Rolling Offsets – pp. 16–17

• True Gain Values and Application – pp. 18–19

• 3-Bend Saddles: Standard Method – pp. 20–21

• Measured Rise Kicks: Rough Multiplier Method – pp. 22–23

• Rim Notch Kicks – pp. 24–25

• Kick Measurement / Small Kicks & Box Kicks – pp. 26–27

• Conduit Outside Diameters – pp. 28–29

• Application Formulas – pp. 30–31